Ma`rifat Siyasi

Quranic anthropology forms the basis of many political and social discussions in Islam. In the Meccan surahs, the Noble Quran presents a fundamental image of human reality, which served as the theoretical foundation for the Prophetic governance in Medina. These surahs discuss positive human characteristics, such as inherent dignity, divine nature (fitrah), the aspiration for perfection, and the capacity for sociability, alongside negative characteristics such as worldliness, greed for wealth, hypocrisy, and rebellion. This duality shaped the theoretical basis of the Prophetic governance and guided the policies of the Prophet (peace be upon him) in various social, economic, and military spheres. This research, employing an analytical-interpretive approach, examines the anthropological foundations of the Prophetic governance in the Meccan surahs and analyzes their political functions. Findings indicate that these foundations had specific political functions in the Prophetic governance: legitimacy of power based on monotheism; organizing power based on human dignity and responsibility; justice-centeredness; consultation and political participation; community-building (Ummah); and the rejection of despotism and authoritarianism.