Ma`rifat Siyasi

In recent years, among contemporary thinkers and philosophers, John Rawls in the West and Allameh Tabatabai in Muslim countries have formulated and explained the most important theory of justice. In his theory of justice, John Rawls calls "justice as fairness" - which is based on the principles of the liberal and the social contract approach – and begins explaining "the first state" and elaborates on his two principles of justice, i.e. "freedom" and "distinction" in a way that shows every individual in society has an equal right to the widest possible set of fundamental freedoms. He justifies the inequality and difference in human beings' enjoyment of these kinds of freedoms in certain situations, and he uses six different arguments, including "social contract", "rationality" and "overlapping consensus" to support his theory. As a Muslim philosopher and an outstanding commentator, Allameh Tabatabai, establishes the theory of mentally posited perceptions, explains the value of justice after the formation of human society in the realm of good and bad deeds, and considers mentally posited perceptions as illusory concepts that have real effects originated from the principle of profit-mindedness and exploitation. This study describes how "self-love " has led man to love himself and consequently love others as his fellow human beings; this self-love makes him approach the others and become acquainted with them and this lead to the formation of society. In the context of such a society, man practically uses his fellow human beings in favor of his instinctive feelings